2023
Neves-Ferreira, I., Mello-Fonseca, J. & Ferreira, C.E.L. Photo-identification shows the spatio-temporal distribution of two sea turtle species in a Brazilian developmental foraging ground. Mar Biol 170, 83 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-023-04226-z
2022
Marshall, A.D., Flam, A.L., Cullain, N., Carpenter, M., Conradie, J., Venables, S.K. (2022). Southward range extension and transboundary movements of reef manta rays Mobula alfredi along the east African coastline. Journal of Fish Biology. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.15290
Bohnett, E., Faryabi, S.P., Lewison, R., An, L., Bian, X., Rajabi, A. M., Jahed, N., Rooyesh, H., Mills, E., Ramos, S., Mesnildrey, N., Perez, C.M.S., Taylor, J., Terentyev, V. & Ostrowski, S. (2022). Human expertise combined with artificial intelligence improves performance of snow leopard camera trap studies. Global Ecology and Conservation. Volume 41, 2023, e02350. ISSN 2351-9894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02350.
Harty, K., Guerrero, M., Knochel, A.M., Steven,s G.M.W., Marshall, A., Burgess, K., & Stewart, J.D. (2022). Demographics and dynamics of the world’s largest known population of oceanic manta rays Mobula birostris in coastal Ecuador. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 700:145-159. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14189
Blount, A. & Holmberg, J. (2022). Phase II of the Gray Whale Study: Development of an Ensemble Algorithm Foundation and a Gray Whale-specific Ensemble Algorithm. Report No. 2022-064. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), Department of the Interior.
Verschueren, S., Fabiano, E.C., Kakove, M., Cristescu, B. & Marker, L. (2022). Reducing identification errors of African carnivores from photographs through computer-assisted workflow. Mammal Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13364-022-00657-z
Araujo, G., Agustines, A., Bach, S., Cochran, J., Parra-Galván, E., Parra-Venegas, R., Diamant, S., Dove, A., Fox, S., Graham, R., Green, S., Green, J., Hardenstine, R., Hearn, A., Himawan, M., Hobbs, R., Holmberg, J., Shameel, I., Jaidah, M., ... & Watts, A. (2022). Improving sightings-derived residency estimation for whale shark aggregations: A novel metric applied to a global data set. Frontiers in Marine Science, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.775691
Hardenstine, R. S., He, S., Cochran, J. E. M., Braun, C. D., Cagua, E. F., Pierce, S. J., Prebble, C. E. M., Rohner, C. A., Saenz-Agudelo, P., Sinclair-Taylor, T. H., Skomal, G. B., Thorrold, S. R., Watts, A. M., Zakroff, C. J., & Berumen, M. L. (2022). Pieces in a global puzzle: Population genetics at two whale shark aggregations in the western Indian Ocean. Ecology and Evolution. 12, e8492. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8492
Magson, K., Monacella, E., Scott, C., Buffat, N., Arunrugstichai, S., Chuangcharoendee, M., Pierce, S. J., Holmberg, J., & Araujo, G. (2022). Citizen science reveals the population structure and seasonal presence of whale sharks in the Gulf of Thailand. Journal of Fish Biology, 1– 10. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.15121
Khan, C., Blount, D., Parham, J., Holmberg, J., Hamilton, P., Charlton, C., Christiansen, F., Johnston, D., Rayment, W., Dawson, S., Vermeulen, E., Rowntree, V., Groch, K., Levenson, J. J., & Bogucki, R. (2022). Artificial intelligence for right whale photo identification: from data science competition to worldwide collaboration. Mammalian Biology.
Felicia, V., Hersh, T. A., Rendell L., Gero, S., & Whitehead, H. (2022). Ocean nomads or island specialists? Culturally driven habitat partitioning contrasts in scale between geographically isolated sperm whale populations. Royal Society Open Science. 9: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.211737
Germanov, E.S., Pierce, S.J., Marshall, A.D., Hendrawan, I.G., Kefi, A., Bejder, L., & Loneragan, N. (2022). Residency, movement patterns, behavior and demographics of reef manta rays in Komodo National Park. Aquatic Biology. 10.7717/peerj.13302.
Blount, D., Gero, S., Van Oast, J., Parham, J., Kingen, C., Scheiner, B., Stere, T., Fisher, M., Minton, G., Khan, C., Dulau, V., Thompson, J., Moskvyak, O., Berger-Wolf, T., Stewart, C.V., Holmberg J., & Levenson, J.J. (2022). Flukebook: an open-source AI platform for cetacean photo identification. Mammalian Biology.
Tyson Moore, R.B., Urian, K.W., Allen, J.B., Cush, C., Parham, J.R., Blount, D., Holmberg, J., Thompson, J.W., & Wells, R.S. (2022). Rise of the Machines: Best Practices and Experimental Evaluation of Computer-Assisted Dorsal Fin Image Matching Systems for Bottlenose Dolphins. Frontiers in Marine Science.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.849813
Rohner, C.A., Venables, S.K., Cochran, J.E.M., Prebble, C.E.M., Kuguru, B.L., Berumen, M.L., & Pierce, S.J. (2022). The need for long-term population monitoring of the worlds largest fish. Endangered Species Research. 47:231-248. https://doi.org/10.3354/esr01177
Araujo, G., Kwong, K., Jones, I., Holmberg, J., Pierce, S., & Manjaji-Matsumoto, M. (2022). Citizen science as a key tool in whale shark conservation. Aquatic Conservation. Volume 32, Issue 3. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3806
Tuia, D., Kellenberger, B., Beery, S., Costelloe, B., Zuffie, S., Risse, B., Mathis, A., Langevelde, F., Burghardt, T., Kays, R., Klinck, H., Wikelski, M., Couzin, I., Van Horn, G., Crofoot, M., Stewart, C., & Berger-Wolf, T. (2022). Perspectives in machine learning for wildlife conservation. Nature Communications. 13, 792.
Blount, A., Holmberg, J., Parham, J., Levenson, J., & Gero, S. (2022). Comparison of Three Individual Identification Algorithms for Sperm Whales (Physeter macrocephalus) after Automated Detection. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.12.22.473895
2021
Reynolds, S.D., Norman, B.M., Franklin, C.E., Bach, S.S., Comezzi, F.G., Diamant, S., Jaidah, M.Y., Pierce, S.J., Richardson, A.J., Robinson, D.P., Rohner, C.A., & Dwyer, R.G. (2021). Regional variation in anthropogenic threats to Indian Ocean whale sharks. Global Ecology and Conservation. Science Direct. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01961
Blount, A., & Holmberg, J. (2021). Feasibility Analysis: Using Artificial Intelligence to Match Photographed Lateral Ridges of Gray Whales. (Report No. 2021-059). Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), Department of the Interior.
Diamant, S., Pierce, S.J., Rohner, C.A., Graham, R.T., Guillemain d'Echon, A., Guillemain d'Echon, T., Sourisseau, E., Fidiarisandratra, L.C., Bakary, G., Trélanche, S., Andriananrisoa, F., & Kiszka, J.J. (2021). Population structure, residency, and abundance of whale sharks in the coastal waters off Nosy Be, north-western Madagascar. Aquatic Conservation Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3743
Dove, A.D.M. & Pierce, S.J. (2021). Whale Sharks Biology, Ecology, and Conservation. CRC Marine Biology Series.
Bucair, N., Venables, S.K., Balboni, A.P., & Marshall, A.D. (2021). Sightings trends and behaviour of manta rays in Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil. Marine Biodiversity Records. 14, 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41200-021-00204-w
Shanley, L. A., Michelucci, P., Tsosie, K., Wyeth, G., Drapkin, J. K., Azelton, K., Cavalier, D., & Holmberg, J. (2021). Public Comment on Draft NOAA Citizen Science Strategy. Human Computation. 8, 25–42. https://doi.org/10.15346/hc.v8i1.130
Hoffmayer, E.R., McKinney, J.A., Franks, J.S., Hendon, J.M., Driggers, W., Falterman, B.J., Galuardi, B., & Byrne, M.E. (2021). Seasonal Occurrence, Horizontal Movements, and Habitat Use Patterns of Whale Sharks (Rhincodon typus) in the Gulf of Mexico. Frontiers in Marine Science. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2020.598515
Dunbar, S.G., Hudgins, J., & Jean, C. (2021). Applications of Photo Identification in Sea Turtle Studies. Science Direct. Pages 45-55. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-821029-1.00005-2
Dunbar, S.G., Anger, E.C., Parham, J.R., Kingen, C., Wright, M.K., Hayes, C.T., Safi, S., Holmberg, J., Salinas, L. & Baumbach, D.S. (2021). HotSpotter: Using a computer-driven photo-id application to identify sea turtles. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. doi: 10.1016/j.jembe.2020.151490
2020
Franklin, T., Franklin, W., Brooks, L., Harrison, P., Burns, D., Holmberg, J. & Calambokidis, J. (2020). Photo-Identification of Individual Humpback Whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) Using All Available Natural Marks: Implications for Misidentification and Automated Algorithm Matching Technology. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management. 21:71-83.
Weideman, H., Stewart, C.V., Parham, J., Holmberg, J., Flynn, K., Calambokidis, J., Paul, D. B., Bedetti, A., Henley, M., Pope, F. & Lepirei, J. (2020). Extracting identifying contours for African elephants and humpback whales using a learned appearance model. Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV). pp. 1276-1285
Araujo, G., Ismail, A.R., McCann, C., McCann, D., Legaspi, C.G., Snow, S., Labaja, J., Manjaji-Matsumoto & M., Ponzo, A. (2020) Getting the most out of citizen science for endangered species such as Whale Shark. Journal of Fish Biology. Jan 9. doi: 10.1111/jfb.14254
Khan, C., Holmberg, J., Hamilton, P., Pettis, H., Blount, D., Parham, J., Mucha, M., Charlton, C., Rowntree, V., Vermeulen, E., Rayment, W., Dawson, S., Johnston, D. & Groch, K. (2020). From Competition to Collaboration: Automated Identification of Right Whales. International Whale Commission, Cambridge, UK (virtual). Report SC/68B/PH/03
Blount, D., Minton, G., Khan, C., Levenson, J., Dulau, V., Gero, S., Parham, J. & Holmberg, J. (2020). Flukebook – Continuing growth and technical advancement for cetacean photo identification and data archiving, including automated fin, fluke, and body matching. International Whale Commission, Cambridge, UK (virtual). Report SC/68B/PH/06
2019
Araujo, G., Agustines, A., Tracey, B., Snow, S., Labaja, J., & Ponzo, A. (2019). Photo-ID and telemetry highlight a global whale shark hotspot in Palawan, Philippines. Scientific Reports. 9, 17209 (2019) doi:10.1038/s41598-019-53718-w
Paxton, A. B., Blair, E., Blawas, C., Fatzinger, M. H., Marens, M., Holmberg, J., Kingen, C., Houppermans, T., Keusenkothen, M., McCord, J., Silliman, B. R., & Penfold, L. M. (2019). Citizen science reveals female sand tiger sharks (Carcharias taurus) exhibit signs of site fidelity on shipwrecks. Ecology, the Ecological Society of America. 100( 8):e02687. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2687
Paxton, A. B., Blair, E., Blawas, C., Fatzinger, M. H., Marens, M., Holmberg, J., Kingen, C., Houppermans, T., Keusenkothen, M., McCord, J., Silliman, B. R., & Penfold, L. M. (2019). Citizen science provides evidence that a large coastal shark species returns to the same or nearby shipwrecks. Bulletin, the Ecological Society of America. Am 100( 3):e01553. https://doi.org/10.1002/bes2.1553
Arauz, R., Chávez, E., Hoyos-Padilla, E.M. & Marshall, A.D. (2019). First record of the reef manta ray, Mobula alfredi, from the eastern Pacific. Marine Biodiversity Records. 12:3 https://doi.org/10.1186/s41200-019-0162-9
2018
McCoy, E., Burce, R., David, D., Aca, E.Q., Hardy, J., Labaja, J., Snow, S.J., Ponzo, A. & Araujo, G. (2018). Long-Term Photo-Identification Reveals the Population Dynamics and Strong Site Fidelity of Adult Whale Sharks to the Coastal Waters of Donsol, Philippines. Frontiers in Marine Science. 5:271. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00271
Araujo G, Rohner CA, Labaja J, Conales SJ, Snow SJ, Murray R, Pierce SJ & Ponzo A. (2018) Satellite tracking of juvenile whale sharks in the Sulu and Bohol Seas, Philippines. PeerJ. 6:e5231 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5231
Diamant, S., Rohner, C.A., Kiszka, J.J., Guillemain d’Echon, A., Guillemain d’Echon, T., Sourisseau, E. & Pierce, S.J. (2018). Movements and habitat use of satellite-tagged whale sharks off western Madagascar. Biologging in Conservation. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00889
Rohner, C.A., Richardson, A.J., Jaine, F.R.A., Bennett, M.B., Weeks, S.J., Cliff, G., Robinson, D.P., Reeve-Arnold, K.E. & Pierce, S.J. (2018). Satellite tagging highlights the importance of productive Mozambican coastal waters to the ecology and conservation of whale sharks. PeerJ. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4161
Parham, J., Crall, J., Rubenstein, D., Holmberg, J., Berger-Wolf, T. & Stewart, C. (2018). An Animal Detection Pipeline for Identification. 1075-1083. 10.1109/WACV.2018.00123
Blount, D., Holmberg, J. & Minton, G. (2018). Flukebook – A tool for cetacean photo identification, data archiving and automated fluke matching. International Whaling Commission report SC/67B/PH/03
2017
Norman, B.M., Holmberg, J., Arzoumanian, Z., Reynolds, S.D., Wilson, R.P., Rob, D., Pierce, S.J., Gleiss, A.C., de la Parra, R., Galvan, B., Ramirez-Macias, D., Robinson, D., Fox, S., Graham, R., Rowat, D., Potenski, M., Levine, M., Mckinney, J.A., Hoffmayer, E.,... & Morgan, D.L. (2017). Undersea Constellations: The Global Biology of an Endangered Marine Megavertebrate Further Informed through Citizen Science, 2017/11/29, BioScience. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/bix127
Thomson, J.A., Araujo, G., Labaja, J., McCoy, E., Murray, R. & Ponzo, A. (2017). Feeding the world's largest fish: highly variable whale shark residency patterns at a provisioning site in the Philippines. Royal Society Open Science. 2017 4 170394; DOI: 10.1098/rsos.170394
Robinson, D.P., Jaidah, M.Y., Bach, S.S., Rohner, C.A., Jabado, R.W., Ormond, R. & Pierce, S.J. (2017). Some like it hot: Repeat migration and residency of whale sharks within an extreme natural environment. PLoS ONE. 12(9): e0185360. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185360
Reynolds, S.D., Norman, B.M., Beger, M., Franklin, C.E. & Dwyer, R.G. (2017). Movement, distribution and marine reserve use by an endangered migratory giant. Diversity and Distributions. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12618
McKinney, J.A., Hoffmayer, E.R., Holmberg, J., Graham, R.T., Driggers III, W.B, de la Parra-Venegas, R. Galván-Pastoriza, B.E., Fox, S., Pierce, S.J. & Dove, A.D.M. (2017). Long-term assessment of whale shark population demography and connectivity using photo-identification in the Western Atlantic Ocean. PLoS ONE. 12(8): e0180495. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180495
Menon, S., Berger-Wolf, T. Y., Kiciman, E., Joppa, L., Stewart, C. V., Parham, J., Crall, J., Holmberg, J. & Van Oast, J. (2017). Animal Population Estimation Using Flickr Images. 2nd International Workshop on the Social Web for Environmental and Ecological Monitoring (SWEEM 2017).
Parham, J., Crall, J., Stewart, C., Berger-Wolf, T. & Rubenstein, D. (2017). Animal Population Censusing at Scale with Citizen Science and Photographic Identification. Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence 2017 Spring Symposium.
Weideman, H.J, Jablons, Z.M., Holmberg, J. Flynn, K., Calambokidis, J., Tyson, R. B., Allen, J.B., Wells, R.S., Hupman, K., Urian, K. & Stewart, C.V. (2017). Integral Curvature Representation and Matching Algorithms for Identification of Dolphins and Whales. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1708.07785
2016
Macena, B.C.L. & Hazin, F.H.V. (2016). Whale Shark (Rhincodon typus) Seasonal Occurrence, Abundance and Demographic Structure in the Mid-Equatorial Atlantic Ocean. PLoSONE. 11(10):e0164440.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164440
Norman, B.M. & Morgan, D.L. (2016). The return of “Stumpy” the whale shark: two decades and counting. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 14(8):449–450, https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.1418
Araujo, G., Snow, S., So, C. L., Labaja, J., Murray, R., Colucci, A. & Ponzo, A. (2016). Population structure, residency patterns and movements of whale sharks in Southern Leyte, Philippines: results from dedicated photo-ID and citizen science. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.2636
Norman, B.M., Reynolds, S. & Morgan, D.L. (2016). Does the whale shark aggregate along the Western Australian coastline beyond Ningaloo Reef? Pacific Conservation Biology. 22(1) 72-80. https://doi.org/10.1071/PC15045
Pierce, S.J. & Norman, B. (2016). 2016 IUCN Red List Assessment (Endangered) for Rhincodon typus (whale shark). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T19488A2365291.en
Jablons, Z. (2016). Identifying humpback whale flukes by sequence matching of trailing edge curvature. Master’s thesis, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.
2014
Araujo, G., Lucey, A., Labaja, J., So, C.L., Snow, S. & Ponzo, A. (2014) Population structure and residency patterns of whale sharks, Rhincodon typus, at a provisioning site in Cebu, Philippines. PeerJ. 2:e543. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.543
2013
Crall, J. P., Stewart, C. V., Berger-Wolf, T. Y., Rubenstein, D. I., & Sundaresan, S. R. (2013). HotSpotter-Patterned species instance recognition. Proceedings of IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision. IEEE Xplore. WACV 2013 (pp. 230-237). [6475023].
Rohner, C.A., Pierce, S.J., Marshall, A.D., Weeks, S.J., Bennett, M.B. & Richardson, A.J. (2013). Trends in sightings and environmental influences on a coastal aggregation of manta rays and whale sharks. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 482: 153–168, 2013.
McKinney, J., Hoffmayer, E.R., Holmberg, J., Graham, R., de la Parra, R., Galván Pastoriza, B., Fox, S., Pierce, S. & Dove, A.D.M. (2013) Regional connectivity of whale sharks demonstrated using photo-identification - Western Atlantic, 1999 - 2013. PeerJ PrePrints. 1:e98v1. DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.98v1
Bonner, S.J. & Holmberg, J .(2013), Mark-Recapture with Multiple, Non-Invasive Marks. Biometrics. https://doi.org/10.1111/biom.12045.
Hueter, R.E., Tyminski, J.P. & de la Parra, R. (2013). Horizontal Movements, Migration Patterns, and Population Structure of Whale Sharks in the Gulf of Mexico and Northwestern Caribbean Sea. PLoS ONE. 8(8): e71883. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071883
Fox, S., Foisy, I., De La Parra Venegas, R., Galvan Pastoriza, B.E., Graham, R.T., Hoffmayer, E.R., Holmberg, J. & Pierce, S.J. (2013) Population structure and residency of whale sharks Rhincodon typus at Utila, Bay Islands, Honduras. Journal of Fish Biology. Volume 83, Issue 3, pages 574-587. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12195
Robinson, D.P., Jaidah, M.Y., Jabado, R.W., Lee-Brooks, K., Nour El-Din, N.M., Al. Malki, A.A., Elmeer, K., McCormick, P.A., Henderson, A.C., Pierce, S.J. & Ormond, R.F.G. (2013) Whale Sharks, Rhincodon typus, Aggregate around Offshore Platforms in Qatari Waters of the Arabian Gulf to Feed on Fish Spawn. PLoS ONE. 8(3): e58255. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0058255
2012
Davies, T., Stevens, G., Meekan, M.G., Struve, J & Rowcliffe, M. (2012). Can citizen science monitor whale-shark aggregations? Investigating bias in mark-recapture modelling using identification photographs sourced from the public. 39, 696-704. DOI:10.1071/WR12092
2010
Catlin, J., Jones, T., Norman, B. & Wood, D. (2010). Consolidation in a wildlife tourism industry: the changing impact of whale shark tourist expenditure in the Ningaloo Coast region. International Journal of Tourism Research. Volume 12, Issue 2, pages 134-148. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.742
Catlin, J., Jones, R., Jones, T., Norman, B. & Wood, D. (2010). Discovering Wildlife Tourism: A Whale Shark Tourism Case Study. Current Issues in Tourism. Volume 13, Issue 4. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500903019418
2009
Jones, T., Wood, D., Catlin, J. & Norman, B. (2009). Expenditure and ecotourism: predictors of expenditure for whale shark tour participants. Journal of Ecotourism. Volume 8, Issue 1: 32-50.
Norman, B. (2009). ECOCEAN Best Practice Whale Shark Ecotourism UNEP MANUAL. Technical Report (United Nations Environment Program - Regional Seas) 7pp.
Holmberg, J. & Norman, B. (2009). ECOCEAN Whale Shark Photo-identification - UNEP MANUAL. Technical Report (United Nations Environment Program - Regional Seas) 69pp.
Holmberg, J., Norman, B. & Arzoumanian, Z. (2009). Estimating population size, structure, and residency time for whale sharks Rhincodon typus through collaborative photo-identification. Endangered Species Research. (7) 39-53.
Gleiss, A.C., Norman, B., Liebsch, N., Francis, C. & Wilson, R.P. (2009). A new prospect for tagging large free-swimming sharks with motion-sensitive data-loggers. Fisheries Research. 97: 11-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2008.12.012
2008
Holmberg, J., Norman, B. & Arzoumanian, Z. (2008). Robust, comparable population metrics through collaborative photo-monitoring of whale sharks Rhincodon typus. Ecological Applications. 18(1): 222-223. https://doi.org/10.1890/07-0315.1
2007
Norman, B. & Holmberg, J. (2007). A Cooperative Approach for Generating Robust Population Metrics for Whale Sharks Rhincodon typus. Translating Scientific Results into Conservation Actions: New Roles, Challenges and Solutions for 21st Century Scientists. Earthwatch Institute.
Norman, B. & Stevens, J. (2007). Size and maturity status of the whale shark ( Rhincodon typus ) at Ningaloo Reef in Western Australia. Fisheries Research. Vol. 84, Issue 1, 1-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2006.11.015
Norman, B. & Catlin, J. (2007). Economic importance of conserving whale sharks. Unpublished Report for the International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW), Sydney 18pp.
2005
T. R. Irvine & J. K. Keesing (Editors). (2005). Whale Sharks: Science, Conservation and Management - Proceedings of the First International Whale Shark Conference, Australia. 09-12 May 2005.
Arzoumanian, Z., Holmberg, J. & Norman, B. (2005). An astronomical pattern-matching algorithm for computer-aided identification of whale sharks Rhincodon typus. Journal of Applied Ecology. 42, 999-1011. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2005.01117.x
Norman, B.M. (2005). Whale shark critical habitats and movement patterns within Australian waters. Technical Report (DEH Natural Heritage Trust Project) 46pp.
2004
Norman, B.M. (2004). Review of the current conservation concerns for the whale shark ( Rhincodon typus ): A regional perspective. Technical Report (NHT Coast & Clean Seas Project No. 2127) 74pp.
2002
Norman, B. (2002). CITES Identification Manual: Whale Shark ( Rhincodon typus Smith 1829). Australian Government Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water.
2000
Norman, B.M., Newbound, D. & Knott, B. (2000). A new species of Pandaridae (Copepoda), from the whale shark Rhincodon typus (Smith). Journal of Natural History. 34:3, 355-366. https://doi.org/10.1080/002229300299534
Norman, B.M. (2000). 2000 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. Xviii+61 pp. (Book & CD).
1999
Norman, B.M. (1999). Aspects of the biology and ecotourism industry of the whale shark Rhincodon typus in north-western Australia. MPhil. Thesis (Murdoch University, Western Australia).
Gunn, J.S., Stevens, J.D., Davis, T.L.O. & Norman, B.M. (1999). Observations on the short-term movements and behaviour of whale sharks ( Rhincodon typus ) at Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia. Marine Biology. 135: 553-559.
Neves-Ferreira, I., Mello-Fonseca, J. & Ferreira, C.E.L. Photo-identification shows the spatio-temporal distribution of two sea turtle species in a Brazilian developmental foraging ground. Mar Biol 170, 83 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-023-04226-z
2022
Marshall, A.D., Flam, A.L., Cullain, N., Carpenter, M., Conradie, J., Venables, S.K. (2022). Southward range extension and transboundary movements of reef manta rays Mobula alfredi along the east African coastline. Journal of Fish Biology. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.15290
Bohnett, E., Faryabi, S.P., Lewison, R., An, L., Bian, X., Rajabi, A. M., Jahed, N., Rooyesh, H., Mills, E., Ramos, S., Mesnildrey, N., Perez, C.M.S., Taylor, J., Terentyev, V. & Ostrowski, S. (2022). Human expertise combined with artificial intelligence improves performance of snow leopard camera trap studies. Global Ecology and Conservation. Volume 41, 2023, e02350. ISSN 2351-9894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02350.
Harty, K., Guerrero, M., Knochel, A.M., Steven,s G.M.W., Marshall, A., Burgess, K., & Stewart, J.D. (2022). Demographics and dynamics of the world’s largest known population of oceanic manta rays Mobula birostris in coastal Ecuador. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 700:145-159. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14189
Blount, A. & Holmberg, J. (2022). Phase II of the Gray Whale Study: Development of an Ensemble Algorithm Foundation and a Gray Whale-specific Ensemble Algorithm. Report No. 2022-064. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), Department of the Interior.
Verschueren, S., Fabiano, E.C., Kakove, M., Cristescu, B. & Marker, L. (2022). Reducing identification errors of African carnivores from photographs through computer-assisted workflow. Mammal Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13364-022-00657-z
Araujo, G., Agustines, A., Bach, S., Cochran, J., Parra-Galván, E., Parra-Venegas, R., Diamant, S., Dove, A., Fox, S., Graham, R., Green, S., Green, J., Hardenstine, R., Hearn, A., Himawan, M., Hobbs, R., Holmberg, J., Shameel, I., Jaidah, M., ... & Watts, A. (2022). Improving sightings-derived residency estimation for whale shark aggregations: A novel metric applied to a global data set. Frontiers in Marine Science, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.775691
Hardenstine, R. S., He, S., Cochran, J. E. M., Braun, C. D., Cagua, E. F., Pierce, S. J., Prebble, C. E. M., Rohner, C. A., Saenz-Agudelo, P., Sinclair-Taylor, T. H., Skomal, G. B., Thorrold, S. R., Watts, A. M., Zakroff, C. J., & Berumen, M. L. (2022). Pieces in a global puzzle: Population genetics at two whale shark aggregations in the western Indian Ocean. Ecology and Evolution. 12, e8492. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8492
Magson, K., Monacella, E., Scott, C., Buffat, N., Arunrugstichai, S., Chuangcharoendee, M., Pierce, S. J., Holmberg, J., & Araujo, G. (2022). Citizen science reveals the population structure and seasonal presence of whale sharks in the Gulf of Thailand. Journal of Fish Biology, 1– 10. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.15121
Khan, C., Blount, D., Parham, J., Holmberg, J., Hamilton, P., Charlton, C., Christiansen, F., Johnston, D., Rayment, W., Dawson, S., Vermeulen, E., Rowntree, V., Groch, K., Levenson, J. J., & Bogucki, R. (2022). Artificial intelligence for right whale photo identification: from data science competition to worldwide collaboration. Mammalian Biology.
Felicia, V., Hersh, T. A., Rendell L., Gero, S., & Whitehead, H. (2022). Ocean nomads or island specialists? Culturally driven habitat partitioning contrasts in scale between geographically isolated sperm whale populations. Royal Society Open Science. 9: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.211737
Germanov, E.S., Pierce, S.J., Marshall, A.D., Hendrawan, I.G., Kefi, A., Bejder, L., & Loneragan, N. (2022). Residency, movement patterns, behavior and demographics of reef manta rays in Komodo National Park. Aquatic Biology. 10.7717/peerj.13302.
Blount, D., Gero, S., Van Oast, J., Parham, J., Kingen, C., Scheiner, B., Stere, T., Fisher, M., Minton, G., Khan, C., Dulau, V., Thompson, J., Moskvyak, O., Berger-Wolf, T., Stewart, C.V., Holmberg J., & Levenson, J.J. (2022). Flukebook: an open-source AI platform for cetacean photo identification. Mammalian Biology.
Tyson Moore, R.B., Urian, K.W., Allen, J.B., Cush, C., Parham, J.R., Blount, D., Holmberg, J., Thompson, J.W., & Wells, R.S. (2022). Rise of the Machines: Best Practices and Experimental Evaluation of Computer-Assisted Dorsal Fin Image Matching Systems for Bottlenose Dolphins. Frontiers in Marine Science.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.849813
Rohner, C.A., Venables, S.K., Cochran, J.E.M., Prebble, C.E.M., Kuguru, B.L., Berumen, M.L., & Pierce, S.J. (2022). The need for long-term population monitoring of the worlds largest fish. Endangered Species Research. 47:231-248. https://doi.org/10.3354/esr01177
Araujo, G., Kwong, K., Jones, I., Holmberg, J., Pierce, S., & Manjaji-Matsumoto, M. (2022). Citizen science as a key tool in whale shark conservation. Aquatic Conservation. Volume 32, Issue 3. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3806
Tuia, D., Kellenberger, B., Beery, S., Costelloe, B., Zuffie, S., Risse, B., Mathis, A., Langevelde, F., Burghardt, T., Kays, R., Klinck, H., Wikelski, M., Couzin, I., Van Horn, G., Crofoot, M., Stewart, C., & Berger-Wolf, T. (2022). Perspectives in machine learning for wildlife conservation. Nature Communications. 13, 792.
Blount, A., Holmberg, J., Parham, J., Levenson, J., & Gero, S. (2022). Comparison of Three Individual Identification Algorithms for Sperm Whales (Physeter macrocephalus) after Automated Detection. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.12.22.473895
2021
Reynolds, S.D., Norman, B.M., Franklin, C.E., Bach, S.S., Comezzi, F.G., Diamant, S., Jaidah, M.Y., Pierce, S.J., Richardson, A.J., Robinson, D.P., Rohner, C.A., & Dwyer, R.G. (2021). Regional variation in anthropogenic threats to Indian Ocean whale sharks. Global Ecology and Conservation. Science Direct. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01961
Blount, A., & Holmberg, J. (2021). Feasibility Analysis: Using Artificial Intelligence to Match Photographed Lateral Ridges of Gray Whales. (Report No. 2021-059). Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), Department of the Interior.
Diamant, S., Pierce, S.J., Rohner, C.A., Graham, R.T., Guillemain d'Echon, A., Guillemain d'Echon, T., Sourisseau, E., Fidiarisandratra, L.C., Bakary, G., Trélanche, S., Andriananrisoa, F., & Kiszka, J.J. (2021). Population structure, residency, and abundance of whale sharks in the coastal waters off Nosy Be, north-western Madagascar. Aquatic Conservation Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3743
Dove, A.D.M. & Pierce, S.J. (2021). Whale Sharks Biology, Ecology, and Conservation. CRC Marine Biology Series.
Bucair, N., Venables, S.K., Balboni, A.P., & Marshall, A.D. (2021). Sightings trends and behaviour of manta rays in Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil. Marine Biodiversity Records. 14, 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41200-021-00204-w
Shanley, L. A., Michelucci, P., Tsosie, K., Wyeth, G., Drapkin, J. K., Azelton, K., Cavalier, D., & Holmberg, J. (2021). Public Comment on Draft NOAA Citizen Science Strategy. Human Computation. 8, 25–42. https://doi.org/10.15346/hc.v8i1.130
Hoffmayer, E.R., McKinney, J.A., Franks, J.S., Hendon, J.M., Driggers, W., Falterman, B.J., Galuardi, B., & Byrne, M.E. (2021). Seasonal Occurrence, Horizontal Movements, and Habitat Use Patterns of Whale Sharks (Rhincodon typus) in the Gulf of Mexico. Frontiers in Marine Science. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2020.598515
Dunbar, S.G., Hudgins, J., & Jean, C. (2021). Applications of Photo Identification in Sea Turtle Studies. Science Direct. Pages 45-55. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-821029-1.00005-2
Dunbar, S.G., Anger, E.C., Parham, J.R., Kingen, C., Wright, M.K., Hayes, C.T., Safi, S., Holmberg, J., Salinas, L. & Baumbach, D.S. (2021). HotSpotter: Using a computer-driven photo-id application to identify sea turtles. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. doi: 10.1016/j.jembe.2020.151490
2020
Franklin, T., Franklin, W., Brooks, L., Harrison, P., Burns, D., Holmberg, J. & Calambokidis, J. (2020). Photo-Identification of Individual Humpback Whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) Using All Available Natural Marks: Implications for Misidentification and Automated Algorithm Matching Technology. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management. 21:71-83.
Weideman, H., Stewart, C.V., Parham, J., Holmberg, J., Flynn, K., Calambokidis, J., Paul, D. B., Bedetti, A., Henley, M., Pope, F. & Lepirei, J. (2020). Extracting identifying contours for African elephants and humpback whales using a learned appearance model. Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV). pp. 1276-1285
Araujo, G., Ismail, A.R., McCann, C., McCann, D., Legaspi, C.G., Snow, S., Labaja, J., Manjaji-Matsumoto & M., Ponzo, A. (2020) Getting the most out of citizen science for endangered species such as Whale Shark. Journal of Fish Biology. Jan 9. doi: 10.1111/jfb.14254
Khan, C., Holmberg, J., Hamilton, P., Pettis, H., Blount, D., Parham, J., Mucha, M., Charlton, C., Rowntree, V., Vermeulen, E., Rayment, W., Dawson, S., Johnston, D. & Groch, K. (2020). From Competition to Collaboration: Automated Identification of Right Whales. International Whale Commission, Cambridge, UK (virtual). Report SC/68B/PH/03
Blount, D., Minton, G., Khan, C., Levenson, J., Dulau, V., Gero, S., Parham, J. & Holmberg, J. (2020). Flukebook – Continuing growth and technical advancement for cetacean photo identification and data archiving, including automated fin, fluke, and body matching. International Whale Commission, Cambridge, UK (virtual). Report SC/68B/PH/06
2019
Araujo, G., Agustines, A., Tracey, B., Snow, S., Labaja, J., & Ponzo, A. (2019). Photo-ID and telemetry highlight a global whale shark hotspot in Palawan, Philippines. Scientific Reports. 9, 17209 (2019) doi:10.1038/s41598-019-53718-w
Paxton, A. B., Blair, E., Blawas, C., Fatzinger, M. H., Marens, M., Holmberg, J., Kingen, C., Houppermans, T., Keusenkothen, M., McCord, J., Silliman, B. R., & Penfold, L. M. (2019). Citizen science reveals female sand tiger sharks (Carcharias taurus) exhibit signs of site fidelity on shipwrecks. Ecology, the Ecological Society of America. 100( 8):e02687. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2687
Paxton, A. B., Blair, E., Blawas, C., Fatzinger, M. H., Marens, M., Holmberg, J., Kingen, C., Houppermans, T., Keusenkothen, M., McCord, J., Silliman, B. R., & Penfold, L. M. (2019). Citizen science provides evidence that a large coastal shark species returns to the same or nearby shipwrecks. Bulletin, the Ecological Society of America. Am 100( 3):e01553. https://doi.org/10.1002/bes2.1553
Arauz, R., Chávez, E., Hoyos-Padilla, E.M. & Marshall, A.D. (2019). First record of the reef manta ray, Mobula alfredi, from the eastern Pacific. Marine Biodiversity Records. 12:3 https://doi.org/10.1186/s41200-019-0162-9
2018
McCoy, E., Burce, R., David, D., Aca, E.Q., Hardy, J., Labaja, J., Snow, S.J., Ponzo, A. & Araujo, G. (2018). Long-Term Photo-Identification Reveals the Population Dynamics and Strong Site Fidelity of Adult Whale Sharks to the Coastal Waters of Donsol, Philippines. Frontiers in Marine Science. 5:271. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2018.00271
Araujo G, Rohner CA, Labaja J, Conales SJ, Snow SJ, Murray R, Pierce SJ & Ponzo A. (2018) Satellite tracking of juvenile whale sharks in the Sulu and Bohol Seas, Philippines. PeerJ. 6:e5231 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5231
Diamant, S., Rohner, C.A., Kiszka, J.J., Guillemain d’Echon, A., Guillemain d’Echon, T., Sourisseau, E. & Pierce, S.J. (2018). Movements and habitat use of satellite-tagged whale sharks off western Madagascar. Biologging in Conservation. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00889
Rohner, C.A., Richardson, A.J., Jaine, F.R.A., Bennett, M.B., Weeks, S.J., Cliff, G., Robinson, D.P., Reeve-Arnold, K.E. & Pierce, S.J. (2018). Satellite tagging highlights the importance of productive Mozambican coastal waters to the ecology and conservation of whale sharks. PeerJ. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4161
Parham, J., Crall, J., Rubenstein, D., Holmberg, J., Berger-Wolf, T. & Stewart, C. (2018). An Animal Detection Pipeline for Identification. 1075-1083. 10.1109/WACV.2018.00123
Blount, D., Holmberg, J. & Minton, G. (2018). Flukebook – A tool for cetacean photo identification, data archiving and automated fluke matching. International Whaling Commission report SC/67B/PH/03
2017
Norman, B.M., Holmberg, J., Arzoumanian, Z., Reynolds, S.D., Wilson, R.P., Rob, D., Pierce, S.J., Gleiss, A.C., de la Parra, R., Galvan, B., Ramirez-Macias, D., Robinson, D., Fox, S., Graham, R., Rowat, D., Potenski, M., Levine, M., Mckinney, J.A., Hoffmayer, E.,... & Morgan, D.L. (2017). Undersea Constellations: The Global Biology of an Endangered Marine Megavertebrate Further Informed through Citizen Science, 2017/11/29, BioScience. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/bix127
Thomson, J.A., Araujo, G., Labaja, J., McCoy, E., Murray, R. & Ponzo, A. (2017). Feeding the world's largest fish: highly variable whale shark residency patterns at a provisioning site in the Philippines. Royal Society Open Science. 2017 4 170394; DOI: 10.1098/rsos.170394
Robinson, D.P., Jaidah, M.Y., Bach, S.S., Rohner, C.A., Jabado, R.W., Ormond, R. & Pierce, S.J. (2017). Some like it hot: Repeat migration and residency of whale sharks within an extreme natural environment. PLoS ONE. 12(9): e0185360. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185360
Reynolds, S.D., Norman, B.M., Beger, M., Franklin, C.E. & Dwyer, R.G. (2017). Movement, distribution and marine reserve use by an endangered migratory giant. Diversity and Distributions. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12618
McKinney, J.A., Hoffmayer, E.R., Holmberg, J., Graham, R.T., Driggers III, W.B, de la Parra-Venegas, R. Galván-Pastoriza, B.E., Fox, S., Pierce, S.J. & Dove, A.D.M. (2017). Long-term assessment of whale shark population demography and connectivity using photo-identification in the Western Atlantic Ocean. PLoS ONE. 12(8): e0180495. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180495
Menon, S., Berger-Wolf, T. Y., Kiciman, E., Joppa, L., Stewart, C. V., Parham, J., Crall, J., Holmberg, J. & Van Oast, J. (2017). Animal Population Estimation Using Flickr Images. 2nd International Workshop on the Social Web for Environmental and Ecological Monitoring (SWEEM 2017).
Parham, J., Crall, J., Stewart, C., Berger-Wolf, T. & Rubenstein, D. (2017). Animal Population Censusing at Scale with Citizen Science and Photographic Identification. Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence 2017 Spring Symposium.
Weideman, H.J, Jablons, Z.M., Holmberg, J. Flynn, K., Calambokidis, J., Tyson, R. B., Allen, J.B., Wells, R.S., Hupman, K., Urian, K. & Stewart, C.V. (2017). Integral Curvature Representation and Matching Algorithms for Identification of Dolphins and Whales. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1708.07785
2016
Macena, B.C.L. & Hazin, F.H.V. (2016). Whale Shark (Rhincodon typus) Seasonal Occurrence, Abundance and Demographic Structure in the Mid-Equatorial Atlantic Ocean. PLoSONE. 11(10):e0164440.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164440
Norman, B.M. & Morgan, D.L. (2016). The return of “Stumpy” the whale shark: two decades and counting. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 14(8):449–450, https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.1418
Araujo, G., Snow, S., So, C. L., Labaja, J., Murray, R., Colucci, A. & Ponzo, A. (2016). Population structure, residency patterns and movements of whale sharks in Southern Leyte, Philippines: results from dedicated photo-ID and citizen science. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.2636
Norman, B.M., Reynolds, S. & Morgan, D.L. (2016). Does the whale shark aggregate along the Western Australian coastline beyond Ningaloo Reef? Pacific Conservation Biology. 22(1) 72-80. https://doi.org/10.1071/PC15045
Pierce, S.J. & Norman, B. (2016). 2016 IUCN Red List Assessment (Endangered) for Rhincodon typus (whale shark). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T19488A2365291.en
Jablons, Z. (2016). Identifying humpback whale flukes by sequence matching of trailing edge curvature. Master’s thesis, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.
2014
Araujo, G., Lucey, A., Labaja, J., So, C.L., Snow, S. & Ponzo, A. (2014) Population structure and residency patterns of whale sharks, Rhincodon typus, at a provisioning site in Cebu, Philippines. PeerJ. 2:e543. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.543
2013
Crall, J. P., Stewart, C. V., Berger-Wolf, T. Y., Rubenstein, D. I., & Sundaresan, S. R. (2013). HotSpotter-Patterned species instance recognition. Proceedings of IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision. IEEE Xplore. WACV 2013 (pp. 230-237). [6475023].
Rohner, C.A., Pierce, S.J., Marshall, A.D., Weeks, S.J., Bennett, M.B. & Richardson, A.J. (2013). Trends in sightings and environmental influences on a coastal aggregation of manta rays and whale sharks. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 482: 153–168, 2013.
McKinney, J., Hoffmayer, E.R., Holmberg, J., Graham, R., de la Parra, R., Galván Pastoriza, B., Fox, S., Pierce, S. & Dove, A.D.M. (2013) Regional connectivity of whale sharks demonstrated using photo-identification - Western Atlantic, 1999 - 2013. PeerJ PrePrints. 1:e98v1. DOI: 10.7287/peerj.preprints.98v1
Bonner, S.J. & Holmberg, J .(2013), Mark-Recapture with Multiple, Non-Invasive Marks. Biometrics. https://doi.org/10.1111/biom.12045.
Hueter, R.E., Tyminski, J.P. & de la Parra, R. (2013). Horizontal Movements, Migration Patterns, and Population Structure of Whale Sharks in the Gulf of Mexico and Northwestern Caribbean Sea. PLoS ONE. 8(8): e71883. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071883
Fox, S., Foisy, I., De La Parra Venegas, R., Galvan Pastoriza, B.E., Graham, R.T., Hoffmayer, E.R., Holmberg, J. & Pierce, S.J. (2013) Population structure and residency of whale sharks Rhincodon typus at Utila, Bay Islands, Honduras. Journal of Fish Biology. Volume 83, Issue 3, pages 574-587. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12195
Robinson, D.P., Jaidah, M.Y., Jabado, R.W., Lee-Brooks, K., Nour El-Din, N.M., Al. Malki, A.A., Elmeer, K., McCormick, P.A., Henderson, A.C., Pierce, S.J. & Ormond, R.F.G. (2013) Whale Sharks, Rhincodon typus, Aggregate around Offshore Platforms in Qatari Waters of the Arabian Gulf to Feed on Fish Spawn. PLoS ONE. 8(3): e58255. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0058255
2012
Davies, T., Stevens, G., Meekan, M.G., Struve, J & Rowcliffe, M. (2012). Can citizen science monitor whale-shark aggregations? Investigating bias in mark-recapture modelling using identification photographs sourced from the public. 39, 696-704. DOI:10.1071/WR12092
2010
Catlin, J., Jones, T., Norman, B. & Wood, D. (2010). Consolidation in a wildlife tourism industry: the changing impact of whale shark tourist expenditure in the Ningaloo Coast region. International Journal of Tourism Research. Volume 12, Issue 2, pages 134-148. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.742
Catlin, J., Jones, R., Jones, T., Norman, B. & Wood, D. (2010). Discovering Wildlife Tourism: A Whale Shark Tourism Case Study. Current Issues in Tourism. Volume 13, Issue 4. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500903019418
2009
Jones, T., Wood, D., Catlin, J. & Norman, B. (2009). Expenditure and ecotourism: predictors of expenditure for whale shark tour participants. Journal of Ecotourism. Volume 8, Issue 1: 32-50.
Norman, B. (2009). ECOCEAN Best Practice Whale Shark Ecotourism UNEP MANUAL. Technical Report (United Nations Environment Program - Regional Seas) 7pp.
Holmberg, J. & Norman, B. (2009). ECOCEAN Whale Shark Photo-identification - UNEP MANUAL. Technical Report (United Nations Environment Program - Regional Seas) 69pp.
Holmberg, J., Norman, B. & Arzoumanian, Z. (2009). Estimating population size, structure, and residency time for whale sharks Rhincodon typus through collaborative photo-identification. Endangered Species Research. (7) 39-53.
Gleiss, A.C., Norman, B., Liebsch, N., Francis, C. & Wilson, R.P. (2009). A new prospect for tagging large free-swimming sharks with motion-sensitive data-loggers. Fisheries Research. 97: 11-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2008.12.012
2008
Holmberg, J., Norman, B. & Arzoumanian, Z. (2008). Robust, comparable population metrics through collaborative photo-monitoring of whale sharks Rhincodon typus. Ecological Applications. 18(1): 222-223. https://doi.org/10.1890/07-0315.1
2007
Norman, B. & Holmberg, J. (2007). A Cooperative Approach for Generating Robust Population Metrics for Whale Sharks Rhincodon typus. Translating Scientific Results into Conservation Actions: New Roles, Challenges and Solutions for 21st Century Scientists. Earthwatch Institute.
Norman, B. & Stevens, J. (2007). Size and maturity status of the whale shark ( Rhincodon typus ) at Ningaloo Reef in Western Australia. Fisheries Research. Vol. 84, Issue 1, 1-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2006.11.015
Norman, B. & Catlin, J. (2007). Economic importance of conserving whale sharks. Unpublished Report for the International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW), Sydney 18pp.
2005
T. R. Irvine & J. K. Keesing (Editors). (2005). Whale Sharks: Science, Conservation and Management - Proceedings of the First International Whale Shark Conference, Australia. 09-12 May 2005.
Arzoumanian, Z., Holmberg, J. & Norman, B. (2005). An astronomical pattern-matching algorithm for computer-aided identification of whale sharks Rhincodon typus. Journal of Applied Ecology. 42, 999-1011. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2005.01117.x
Norman, B.M. (2005). Whale shark critical habitats and movement patterns within Australian waters. Technical Report (DEH Natural Heritage Trust Project) 46pp.
2004
Norman, B.M. (2004). Review of the current conservation concerns for the whale shark ( Rhincodon typus ): A regional perspective. Technical Report (NHT Coast & Clean Seas Project No. 2127) 74pp.
2002
Norman, B. (2002). CITES Identification Manual: Whale Shark ( Rhincodon typus Smith 1829). Australian Government Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water.
2000
Norman, B.M., Newbound, D. & Knott, B. (2000). A new species of Pandaridae (Copepoda), from the whale shark Rhincodon typus (Smith). Journal of Natural History. 34:3, 355-366. https://doi.org/10.1080/002229300299534
Norman, B.M. (2000). 2000 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. Xviii+61 pp. (Book & CD).
1999
Norman, B.M. (1999). Aspects of the biology and ecotourism industry of the whale shark Rhincodon typus in north-western Australia. MPhil. Thesis (Murdoch University, Western Australia).
Gunn, J.S., Stevens, J.D., Davis, T.L.O. & Norman, B.M. (1999). Observations on the short-term movements and behaviour of whale sharks ( Rhincodon typus ) at Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia. Marine Biology. 135: 553-559.